Recent Progress in Toner Technologies
George Marshall, Editor
1997
ISBN / ISSN: 0-89208-203-8
456 pages
Member Price: $25.00
Non-Member Price $25.00
"Recent Progress in Toner Technology" is the fourth book in the "Recent Progress" series published by the IS&T. It is intended to give the professional an up-to-date look at currently published research in toner technology in industry and academia. The papers collected in this volume come from a variety of IS&T sources including the Journal for Electronic Imaging, Journal of Imaging Science and Technology, and various conference proceedings.
© 1998, The Society for Imaging Science and Technology
.
The following papers are included in this publication. To read the abstract, click on the paper title.
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Chapter I: Adhesion
- Toner Adhesion Physics: Measurements of Toner/Substrate Contact Area
Elliott A. Eklund, William H. Wayman, Leonard J. Brillson, and Dan A. Hays; Wilson Center for Research and Technology, Xerox Corporation pages 1-4.
- Estimation of Toner Adhesive Force by Toner Jumping in Increasing Electric Field
Yasushi Hoshino, Noboru Kutsuwada, Yoshio Watanabe and Harunobu Izawa; Nippon Institute of Technology pages 5-7.
- Toner Sticking on Doctor Blade in Non-Magnetic Mono-Component Development System
M. Ikeda, K. Sato, S. Araki and M. Kimura; Fujitsu Laboratories Ltd. pages 8-11.
- Characterization of Toner Adhesion to Carrier: A Phenomenological Model
James C. Maher; Eastman Kodak Company pages 12-15.
- Humidity Sensitivity of the Adhesion of Pigmented Polymer Particles Treated with Surface-Modified Surface Additives
Mary L. Ott; Xerox Corporation pages 16-20.
- Toner Jumping Characteristics in Electric Field Using Dented Electrode
Takanobu Muta, Masatomo Kamata, and Yasushi Hoshino; Department of Systems Engineering, Nippon Institute of Technology pages 21-23.
- Influence of Charge Particle Size on Adhesion Forces of Toners
Manabu Takeuchi, Kenichi Noguchi, Masayasu Anzai* and Ryoji Kojima*; Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Ibaraki University *Katsuta Research Laboratory, Hitachi Koki Co., Ltd. pages 24-27.
- Small Particle Adhesion: Measurement and Control
M. Ott, E. Eklund, H. Mizes, and D. Hays; Xerox Corporation pages 28-34.
- Centrigugal Measurements of Adhesion Forces of Charged Toner and Polymer Particles
Manabu Takeuchi, Tomoni Onose, Masayasu Anzai* and Ryoji Kojima*; Ibaraki University *Hitachi Koki Co., Ltd. pages 35-37.
Chapter II: Alternative Applications
- Numerical Simulation of the Toner Jet Method for Nonimpact Printing
Noboru Kutsuwada, Tsutomu Shohdohji, Harunobu Izawa, Takashi Sugai, and Chun-Wei Lin; Nippon Institute of Technology, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Systems Engineering (Japan) pages 39-42.
- Formation and Evaluation of Image Obtained By the Toner Jet Printing Technology
N. Kutsuwada, T. Shohdohji, T. Sugai, H. Izawa, Chun-Wei Lin and T. Murata*; Department of Systems Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Nippon Institute of Technology *Yamanashi Electronics Co., Ltd. pages 43-53.
- A New Printing Method with Transfer of Toners by Flash Light
Akira Arimoto, Tatsuya Sugita, Teruaki Mitsuya and Yasuo Takuma; Hitachi Research Laboratory, Hitachi Ltd. pages 54-56.
- The Role of Traveling Wave Toner Transport in Powder Printing
Fred W. Schmidlin; XI-Tech pages 57-60.
- A New Ion-Jet Printing Head Controlled by a Low-Voltage Signal
Yasuo Hosaka, Hitoshi Nagato and Hideyuki Nakao; Toshiba Research & Development Center (Japan) pages 61-65.
- Formation and Evaluation of Images Obtained by the Toner Jet Printing Technology, III
N. Kutsuwada, T. Shohdohji, C.-W. Lin, and J. Tanabe; Department of Systems Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Nippon Institute of Technology (Japan) pages 66-70.
- TonerJet® Color Printing
Jerome Johnson; Array Printers AB pages 71-73.
- Dynamic Simulation of Toner Particle Motion in a TonerJet Printer
Jerome Johnson; J-TECH pages 74-77.
Chapter III: Architecture
- The Physics and Chemistry of Metal Oxide Particles in Toners
Richard P.N. Veregin, Carl P. Tripp and Maria N.V. McDougall; Xerox Research Centre of Canada (Canada) pages 79-81.
- Coloristic Study of Magnetic Toners and Related Print Performance
Martin Tanner and Claude Meunier*; Ciba Pigments *Nipson Printing Systems pages 82-84.
- Novel Polyesters for Electrophotographic Toners
Thomas Wunsch and Rainer Dyllick-Brenzinger; BASFAG pages 85-87.
- Organic Pigments for Digital Color Printing
Ruediger Baur and Hans-Tobias Macholdt; R&D Pigments, Hoechst AG pages 88-91.
- New Magnetographic Toner for Security Printing
C. Camelin, G. Gerriet, C. Tondeur, and P. Corbobesse*; NIPSON *Imprimerie Nationale pages 92-92.
- Charge Stabilization of Toner Using Polyester Resin
Norihiro Hayashi and Jun Shimizu; Kao Corporation, Recording & Imaging Science Laboratories pages 93-99.
- A Hybrid Resin for Toner
Hiroyuki Kawaji, Katsutoshi Aoki, and Kiniyasu Kawabe; Kao Corporation, Recording & Imaging Science Laboratories pages 100-104.
- Charge Control in Colored Toners: Overcompensation versus Neutralisation
Ulrike Schlosser, Karin Beck, Erwin Czech, Rainer Dyllick-Brenzinger, Udo Mayer, and Gunter Schroder; BASF Aktiengesellschaft pages 105-107.
- Preparation of Nano-Size Magnetic Gamma Ferric Oxide (γ-Fe2O3) and Magnetite (Fe3O4) Particles for Toner and Color Imaging Applications
M. Sami Selim, Lyle P. Cunningham, Rajiv Srivastava, and John M. Olson*; Department of Chemical Engineering and Petroleum Refining, Colorado School of Mines *Lexmark International, Inc. pages 108-111.
- Offset Quality "Short Run Colour Printing" Using a Dry 4-Colour Bi-Component Electrophotographic Process
S.M.F. Tavernier, L. Alaerts and H. Debie; Agfa-Gevaert N.V., R&D-ELE pages 112-116.
- The Surface Modification of Silicas on the Free Flow and Charging Properties of Monocomponent Magnetic Toners
Herbert Barthel and Mario Heinemann; Wacker-Chemie GmbH pages 117-121.
- Recent Trends in Organic Color Pigments
H.-T. Macholdt and R. Baur; R&D Pigments, Hoechst AG pages 122-125.
- The Material Design of the Polyester Color Toners
Masayuki Maruta; Kao Corporation, Recording & Imaging Science Labs. pages 126-130.
- Analysis of the Mixing Conditions of a Toner Dispersion
H. Gokturk, K. Suenaga, M. Yamazaki, S. Moriyama; Kao Corporation, Recording & Imaging Science Laboratory pages 131-139.
Chapter IV: Charge - Theory, Measurement and Characterization
- Tribocharging of Three-Component Powder Mixtures
J.H. Anderson and Elizabeth Fox; Office Imaging, Research and Technology Development, Eastman Kodak Company pages 141-143.
- Magnetic Resonance Investigations of Carbon Black Charge Acceptance in Xerographic Toners
Richard P.N. Veregin; Xerox Research Centre of Canada (Canada) pages 144-146.
- Surface State Models of Tribocharging of Insulators
J.H. Anderson; Office Imaging, Eastman Kodak Company pages 146-148.
- General Model of Sphere-Sphere Insulator Contact Electrification
G.S.P. Castle and L.B. Schein*; Faculty of Engineering Science, University of Western Ontario *IBM Research Division, Almaden Research Center pages 149-151.
- Particle Size and Composition Effects on Charging Properties of Toner
Jean Guay, James Maurer and Theodore Zakrzewski; Lexmark International pages 152-156.
- The Effect of the Finite Size Inlet Tube in the Charge Spectrograph on the Measured Charge Distribution
E.J. Gutman and J.R. Laing; Xerox Corporation pages 157-160.
- Triboelectric Charging of Some Toner Materials
Hiroshi Kokado, Masaaki Takahashi and Katsuyoshi Hoshino; Department of Imaging Science, Chiba University pages 161-164.
- Tribocharging Mechanism In A Model Xerographic Toner
K.Y. Law, I.W. Tarnawskyj, D. Salamida, and T. Debies; Xerox Corporation, Wilson Center for Research & Technology pages 165-168.
- Toner Charge Instability
Robert J. Nash, Scott M. Silence and Richard N. Muller; Xerox Corporation pages 169-180.
- Charging Characteristics of Polymer-Ionomer Blends
M.T. Nguyen, K. Kanazawa, D. Fenzel, P. Brock, and A. Diaz; IBM Almaden Research Center pages 181-182.
- Dependence of Toner Tribocharge on Toner Concentration
Yasusuke Takahashi and Teruki Kishimoto; Department of Electro Photo Optics, Tokai University pages 183-185.
- A New Technique for Measuring the Charge-to-Mass Ratio q/m of a Toner Particle
Yoichi Yamamoto, Keiji Taniguchi*, Hiroaki Yamamoto*, and Kiyotaka Matsubara*; Product Development Lab., Sharp Company *Information Science, Fukui University pages 186-188.
- A Comparison of Experimental Data and Model Predictions for Tribocharging of Two-Component Electrophotographic Developers
J.H. Anderson; Office Imaging Research and Technology Development, Eastman Kodak Company pages 189-194.
- Quantitative Charge Spectrometer
G.P. Gee, L.B. Schein, C.I. Dodds, and K.A. Tran; IBM Research Division, Almaden Research Center pages 195-202.
- Surface Adhesion Properties of Field Charged Toners in a High Speed Toner Applicator
Orrin D. Christy; Moore Research Center pages 203-206.
- A Study on the Tribocharging Behavior for the Two-Component Developers
Katsuji Ebisu, Takahiro Kashikawa and Norio Sawatari; Fujitsu Laboratories Ltd. pages 207-210.
- Small Charge-to-Diameter Measurement Device for Powder Charge
R.H. Epping and K.H. Schuhbeck; PES-Laboratorium pages 211-213.
- Field Charging Process Consistency with Single Component Non Magnetic Color Toners
Kevin J. Hook; Moore Research Center pages 214-217.
- Evaluation of Charging Characteristics of CCA by the Cascade Method
Toshihiko Oguchi; Toshiba Chemical Corporation pages 218-221.
- Quantitative Charge Spectrometer
Larry B. Schein; Independent Consultant pages 222-224.
- Modeling of the Tribo-Charging Between Toner and Carrier Beads
Arnold C.-M. Yang, Ching-Yu Chou, and Juei-Tsang Hsu*; National Tsing Hua University *Industrial Technology Research Institute, Opto-Electronics & Systems Laboratories pages 225-229.
- Tribo-charging Between Toners and Carrier Bead Surfaces
Arnold C.-M. Yang, Ching-Yu Chou, and Sunking Cha*; National Tsing Hua University *Industrial Technology Research Institute, Opto-Electronics & Systems Laboratories pages 230-233.
- The Role of the Electric Field in Triboelectric Charging of Two Component Xerographic Developers
E.J. Gutman and G.C. Hartmann; Joseph C. Wilson Center for Technology, Xerox Corporation pages 234-244.
- The Role of Water in the Triboelectric Charging of Alkylchlorosilane-Treated Silicas as Toner Surface Additives
R.P.N. Veregin, C.P. Tripp, M.N.V. McDougall, and D. Osmond; Xerox Research Centre of Canada pages 245-248.
- Application of Time-of-Flight SIMS in Charging Studies of Xerographic Toners
K.Y. Law, I.W. Tarnawskyj, D. Salamida and T. Debies; Xerox Corporation, Wilson Center for Research and Technology pages 249-250.
- Toner Current Discharge on Conductive Surfaces and Its Use in Charge Level Control
Orrin D. Christy; Moore Research Center pages 251-254.
- Unusual Relationship Between Toner Charge and Toner Concentration
J.M. Guay and J.W. Robinson; Nashua Corporation pages 255-258.
- The Relationship between Blowoff Tribo and Charge Spectrograph Measurements
Paul C. Julien; Wilson Center for Research and Technology, Xerox Corporation pages 259-262.
- Data Processing of Particle Size and Electric Charge of Electrophotographic Toner
Youichi Nakamura, Yoshinobu Moroboshi, Yutaka Terao, Jun Tanabe, Taro Sekine, Shuji Sasabe*, Toyokazu Yokoyama*, and Malay K. Mazumder#; Nippon Institute of Technology *Hosokawa Micron Corporation #University of Little Rock pages 263-266.
- Development of a Consistent Triboelectric Charging Series Based on Fumed SiO2 as a Reference Probe Material
Robert J. Nash and Richard N. Muller; Xerox Corporation pages 267-272.
- A New Blow-off Apparatus for Measuring Intrinsic Toner-Carrier Charges
Toshihiko Oguchi; Toshiba Chemical Corporation pages 273-276.
- Analysis of Triboelectric Charging Characteristics of Two-Component Developers on Carrier Surface Properties
Yasusuke Takahashi and Won-Sup Lee; Department of Electro-Photo-Optics, Tokai University (Japan) pages 277-283.
- A New Technique for Measuring Charge Σq and Mass Σm Values of Toner Particles, Part II
Kenji Taniguchi, Yoichi Yamamoto*, Hiroaki Yamamoto, and Jun Mizukumi; Information Science Dept., Fukui University *Product Development Laboratory, SHARP Corporation pages 284-287.
- The Effect of Water on the Triboelectric Charging of Metal Oxide Particles in Xerograhic Toners
Richard P.N. Veregin, Carl P. Tripp, Maria N.V. McDougall, Margaret A. Mahon, and David Osmond; Xerox Research Centre of Canada (Canada) pages 288-291.
- Influence of Charge Control Agent and Development Roller Surface on Toner Charging
Koichi Tsunemi, Yashushi Shinjo, Mitsunaga Saito, and Masahiro Hosoya; Research Laboratory V, Materials and Devices Research Laboratories, Toshiba Corporation (Japan) pages 292-297.
Chapter V: Development and Transfer
- Influence of CCA on Toner Surface: Obtaining High-Quality Images in Monocomponent Non-Magnetic Development
Koichi Tsunemi, Yashushi Shinjo, Mitsunaga Saito, and Masahiro Hosoya; R&D Center, Toshiba Corporation pages 299-303.
- Microscopic Study of Electrostatic Forces Acting on Toner Particles on a Conductive Medium
Jean-Jacques P. Eltgen; Nipson Printing Systems pages 304-308.
- Transfuse Mechanisms
S.S. Hwang; Wilson Center for Research & Technology, Xerox Corporation pages 309-312.
- Measurements of the Effective Dielectric Thickness of Toner Layers in Transfer Systems
Nancy Y. Jia and Gerald M. Fletcher; Xerox Corporation pages 313-316.
- A Study of Separating Discharge in the Belt Transfer System
Tomomi Katoh, Masami Kadonaga, Tomoko Takahashi, Itaru Matsuda and Yuko Hayama; Ricoh Co. Ltd. pages 317-320.
- Particle Size-Selective Transfer
G. Peter and H. Sandholt*; Pelikan Produktions AG *Chalmers University of Technology pages 321-326.
- Properties of Toner Layer in Single Component Developing Process
Chiseki Yamaguchi and Manabu Takeuchi; Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Ibaraki University pages 327-331.
- A New Method for Measuring the Image-force to Gravity Force Ratio of a Toner Particle
Yoichi Yamamoto, Keiji Taniguchi*, Hiroaki Yamamoto*, and Yoshihisa Takahara*; Product Development Lab., SHARP Co. *Information Science Dept., Fukui University pages 332-334.
- An Improved Toner Flow Model for Dual-Component Magnetic Brush Development
Masayasu Anzai and Yohsuke Saitoh; Katsuta Research Laboratory, Hitachi Koki Co., Ltd. pages 335-340.
- The Effect of Q/M and M/A on a Nonmagnetic Monocomponent Contact Development System under Different DC Bias Voltages
Juel Tsang Hsu, Yu Siiu Chang and Ker Ming Liu; Opto-Electronics and System Laboratory, ITRI pages 341-345.
Chapter VI: Print Quality
Chapter VII: Polymerized Toner
- Synthesis and Characteristics of Non-Spherical Toner by Polymerization Method
Mikio Koyama, Kenji Hayashi, Tomoe Kikuchi and Kenji Tsujita; Business Machines Development Division, Konica Corporation pages 369-372.
- LED Page Printer by Using a Polymerizing Toner
Koichi Miyabe; Okidata, Subsidiary of Oki Electric Industry Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan pages 373-376.
- Cleanerless Electrophotographic Process Using Magnetic Polymerized Toner
Tsuneo Watanuki, Akira Nagahara*, Sachio Sasaki*, Yoshio Yamaguchi* and Norio Sawatari; Fujitsu Laboratories, Ltd. *Fujitsu Limited pages 377-380.
- Magnetic Toner Prepared by the Suspension Polymerization Method
Masahisa Ochiai, Masayoshi Masui, Masumi Asanae*, Masaaki Tokunaga#, and Tsutomu Iimura; School of Engineering, Ibaraki University *Kumagaya Works, Hitachi Metals, Ltd. #Magnetic and Electronic Materials Research Laboratory, Hitachi Metals, Ltd. pages 381-386.
- Properties of Polymerized Toners
M. Kamiyama, M. Maeda, H. Totsuka, and T. Hamanaka; Technical Research Laboratory, Tomoegawa Paper Co. Ltd. pages 387-392.
- Toner with Graduated Resin Composition Made by Suspension Polymerization Technique
Makoto Fukuda, Satoshi Takezawa, Tsuneo Watanuki, and Norio Sawatari; Fujitsu Laboratories Ltd. pages 393-395.
Chapter VIII: Review
Chapter IX: Rheology and Fusing
- Dimensional Analysis on Toner Fusing Process
Chih-Hung Chen and Tsai-Bou Yang; Opto-Electronics and System Laboratories, ITRI pages 401-403.
- The Effect of Toner Rheological Properties on Fusing Performance
Masaki Nakamura; Material Research Laboratory, Fuji Xerox Co., Ltd. pages 404-407.
- The Effect of Paper Properties on Fusing Fix
D.J. Sanders, D.F. Rutland, and W.K. Istone*; Xerox Research Centre of Canada (Canada) *Chamption International (USA) pages 408-412.
- The Rheology and Adhesion of Magnetic Monocomponent Toners
Derek E. Wilson and J. Patrick N. Haxell; Coates Electrographics pages 413-416.
- The Influence of Paper Roughness and Toner Properties on Fusing Quality
Reinhard Apel, Joseph Knott, Martin Schleusener and Benno Petschik; Siemens Nixdorf Informationssysteme AG pages 417-419.
- Print Quality in Hot Air Fusing of Toners
Jali Heilmann, Ismo Heikkila, Marianne Majava, and Pirkko Oittinen; Helsinki University of Technology pages 420-424.
- Factors Influencing the Selection of Materials for Flash Fusing Pressure Sensitive Conductive Magnetic Monocomponent Toners
Ian S. Neilson; Coates Electrographics Limited pages 425-428.
- Analysis of the Thermal Absorption by Flash Fusible Toner
Teruaki Mitsuya and Melany L. Hunt*; Hitachi Research Laboratory, Hitachi, Ltd. (Japan) *Division of Engineering and Applied Sciences, California Institute of Technology (USA) pages 429-433.
- A Hybrid Resin for Toner II
Katsutoshi Aoki, Hiroyuki Kawaji and Kuniyasu Kawabe; Kao Corporation, Recording & Imaging Science Labs. pages 434-437.
- Control of the Rheological Properties of Toners for the Simultaneous Fusing System
Shinji Moriyama, Masayuki Maruta and Yoshihiko Kasahara; Kao Corporation, Recording & Imaging Science Labs. pages 438-442.
- Internal Release Agents for Electrophotographic Toners
T.E. Karis and C.M. Seymour; IBM Research Division, Almaden Research Center pages 443-453.